Vol. 27, issue 06, article # 2

Abstract:

Seasonal and diurnal characteristics of particulate matter (PM₁₀) variability in surface air of Moscow for period January 2008 – August 2013 are presented. In the cold season, the mean PM₁₀ concentrations, their average and standard deviations were of the order of 17–21, 15–18, and 9–12 μg • m^–3 at urban background network stations. In the warm season (April–October), the mean PM₁₀ concentrations, their average and standard deviations were of the order of 25–31, 21–27, and 14–20 •μg • m^–3. Differences of aerosol pollution regimes in Moscow and Western European megacities (including London) are analyzed. In distinct from Moscow the aerosol seasonal maximal concentrations in the Western Europe are observed during the cold season. In summer, aerosol concentrations in Moscow and Western European megacities are close. The study establishes a great influence of climatic conditions and different sources of aerosol pollution in regions, which are thousands kilometers distant. It is suggested that aerosol episodes due to local emissions under adverse meteorological conditions are mostly frequent in Moscow, but short (2–3 days) episodes caused by long-range air transport of PM10 are observed every year.

Keywords:

аir quality, particulate matter РМ10, daily and seasonal variability РМ10, pollution episodes

References:

1. WMO/IGAC. GAW Report N 205. Impacts of Megacities on Air Pollution and Climate – Geneva // WMO. 2012. Р. 314.
2. Molina M.J., Molina L.T. Megacities and atmospheric pollution // J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2004. V. 54, N 6. P. 644–680.
3. Seinfeld J.H., Pandis S.N. Atmospheric chemistry and physics: From air pollution to climate change // New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Second Edition. 2006. 1225 p.
4. Gorchakova I.A., Mohov I.I. Radiacionnye i temperaturnye jeffekty dymovogo ajerozolja v Moskovskom regione v period letnih pozharov 2010 year. // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2012. V. 48, N 5. P. 558–565.
5. Chubarova N.E., Gorbarenko E.V., Nezval' E.I., Shilovceva O.A. Ajerozol'nye i radiacionnye harakteristiki atmosfery vo vremja lesnyh i torfjanyh pozharov v 1972, 2002 and 2010 years. в Подмосковье // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2011. V. 47, N 6. P. 774–789.
6. Vozdejstvie vzveshennyh chastic na zdorov'e. Rekomendacii v otnoshenii politiki dlja stran Vostochnoj Evropy, Kavkaza i Central'noj Azii // Vsemirnaja organizacija zdravoohranenija. Evropejskoe regional'noe bjuro. 2013. P. 14. (www.euro.who.int).
7. Heal M.R., Kumar P., Harrison R.M. Particles, air quality, policy, and health // Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012. V. 41, N 19. Р. 6606–6630.
8. WHO 2005. Air Quality Guidelines: Global Update 2005. Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide // WHO. 2006. Р. 484.
9. Bigi A., Ghermandi G. Climatology of atmospheric PM10 con-centration in the Po Valley // Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 2014. N 14. Р. 137–170. URL: www.atmos-chem-phys- discuss.net / 14 / 137 / 2014 / doi:10.5194 / acpd-14-137-2014
10. Saliba N.A., El Jam F., El Tayar G., Obeid W., Roumie M. Origin and variability of particulate matter (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) mass concentrations over an eastern Mediterranean city // Atmos. Res. 2010. V. 97. P. 106–114.
11. Pope C.A., Dockery D.W. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution lines that connect. Journal of the Air and Waste // Managem. Associat. 2006. V. 56, N 6. Р. 709–742.
12. Rodriguez S., Querol X., Alastuey A., Viana M.M., Alarcon M., Mantilla E., Ruiz C.R. Comparative PM10 PM2.5 source contribution study at rural, urban and industrial sites during PM episodes in eastern Spain // Sci. Total Environ. 2004. N 328. Р. 95–113.
13. Aldabe J., Elustondo D., Santamaria C., Lasheras E., Pandolfi M., Alastuey A., Querol X., Santamaria J.M. Chemical characterisation and source apportionment of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at rural, urban and traffic sites in Navarra (north of Spain) // Atmos. Res. 2011. V. 102, N 1–2. Р. 191–205.
14. Chaloulakou A., Kassomenos P., Spyrellis N., Demokritou P., Koutrakis Р. Measurements of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 particle concentrations in Athens, Greece // Atmos. Environ. 2003. V. 37, N 5. Р. 649–660.
15. Gummeneni S., Bin Yusup Y., Chavali M., Samadi S.Z. Source apportionment of particulate matter in the ambient air of Hyderabad city, India // Atmos. Res. 2011. V. 101, N 3. Р. 752–764.
16. Lopez M.L., Ceppi S., Palancar G.G., Olcese L.E., Tirao G., Toselli B.M. Elemental concentration and source identification of PM10 and PM2.5 by SR XRF in Cordoba city, Argentina // Atmos. Environ. 2011. V. 45, N 31. Р. 5450–5457.
17. Morishita M., Keeler G.J., Kamal A.S., Wagner J.G., Harkema J.R., Rohr A.C. Identification of ambient PM_2.5 sources and analysis of pollution episodes in Detroit, Michigan using highly time resolved measurements // Atmos. Environ. 2011. V. 45, N 8. Р. 1627–1637.
18. Arshinova V.G., Belan B.D., Rasskazchikova T.M., Simonenkov D.V. Vlijanie goroda Tomska na himicheskij i dispersionnyj sostav atmosfernogo ajerozolja v prizemnom sloe // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2008. V. 21, N 6. P. 486–491.
19. Gorchakov G.I., Anoshin B.A., Semutnikova E.G. Statisticheskij analiz variacij massovoj koncentracii grubodispersnogo ajerozolja v g. Moskve // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2007. V. 20, N 6. P. 501–505.
20. Gorchakov G., Semoutnikova E., Karpov A., Lezina E. Air Pollution in Moscow Megacity // Advanced Topics in Environmental Health and Air Pollution Case Studies. Intech. 2011. P. 211–236. URL: www.intechopen.com
21. Glazkova A.A., Kuznecova I.N., Shalygina I.Ju., Semutnikova E.G. Sutochnyj hod koncentracii ajerozolja (RM10) letom v Moskovskom regione // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2012. V. 25, N 6. P. 495–500.
22. Doklad o sostojanii okruzhajushhej sredy v gorode Moskve v 2012 g. M.: Mosjekomonitoring, 2013. 180 p.
23. Kuznecova I.N., Zaripov R.B., Konovalov I.B., Zvjagincev A.M., Semutnikova E.G., Artamonova A.A. Vychislitel'nyj kompleks «model' atmosfery – himicheskaja transportnaja model'» kak modul' sistemy ocenki kachestva vozduha // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2010. V. 23, N 6. P. 485–492.
24. Kuznecova I.N., Konovalov I.B., Glazkova A.A., Nahaev M.I., Zaripov R.B., Lezina E.A., Zvjagincev A.M., Bikmann M. Nabljudaemaja i rasschitannaja izmenchivost' koncentracii vzveshennogo veshhestva RM10 v Moskve i Zelenograde // Meteorol. i gidrol. 2011. N 3. P. 48–60.
25. Walden J., Hillamo R., Aurela M., Mäkela T., Laurila S. Demonstration of the equivalence of PM2.5 and PM10 measurement methods in Helsinki // Report. Helsinki: Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2010. Р. 108.
26. Gigienicheskie normativy GN 2.1.6.1338-03 «Predel'no dopustimye koncentracii (PDK) zagrjaznjajushhih veshhestv v atmosfernom vozduhe naselennyh mest».
27. Plass-Dülmer C., Fricke M. Spring Maximum in Aerosol – Where does it come from? // GAW Letter. 2007. N 40. URL: http://www.dwd.de/de/FundE/Observator/gaw/ gaw. htm
28. Kozlov V.S., Panchenko M.V., Jakusheva E.P. Submikronnyj ajerozol' i sazha prizemnogo sloja v sutochnom hode // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2010. V. 23, N 7. P. 561–569.
29. Gorchakov G.I., Semutnikova E.G., Karpov A.V., Kolesnikova A.B., Bajkova E.S., Zadorozhnaja O.S. Nedel'nyj cikl zagrjaznenija vozduha v g. Moskve: kolichestvennye harakteristiki i utochnenie metodiki statisticheskogo prognoza koncentracij primesej // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2010. V. 23, N 9. P. 784–792.
30. Kuznecova I.N., Kadygrov E.N., Miller E.A., Nahaev M.I. Harakteristiki temperatury v nizhnem 600-metrovom sloe po dannym distancionnyh izmerenij priborami MTP-5 // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2012. V. 25, N 10. P. 877–883.
31. Kozlov A.S., Ankilov A.N., Baklanov A.M., Vlasenko A.L., Eremenko S.I., Malyshkin S.B. Issledovanija mehanicheskih processov obrazovanija submikronnogo ajerozolja // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2000. V. 13, N 6–7. P. 664–666.
32. Kuznecova I.N. Vlijanie meteorologicheskih uslovij na soderzhanie РМ₁₀ i СО v letnih jepizodah 2010 year // Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2012. V. 48, N 5. P. 566–577.