Viscoelastic characteristics of biological particles have been measured based on theoretical and experimental analysis of established deformation oscillations of these particles under the effect of the inhomogeneous alternating electromagnetic field. An electromechanical model of a particle has been developed along with the software for measuring viscoelastic characteristics of biological particles by the dielectrophoresis method based on the electromechanical model proposed. In measurements of viscoelastic characteristics, human erythrocytes were used. Measurements involving computer processing of video images of erythrocyte motion and oscillations yielded the generalized stiffness coefficient for the studied population of erythrocytes (3.8 ± 0.9) 10-5 N/m and the generalized viscosity coefficient (0.9 ± 0.2) Pa s. The technique proposed can form the basis for identification of biological particles.