Vol. 31, issue 04, article # 9

Abstract:

Based on long-term (2004–2016) expedition studies, statistical generalization and zoning of physical-chemical aerosol characteristics in the Eastern Atlantic (from English Channel to Antarctica) are performed. For six latitudinal zones of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans (> 45°N; 20°–45°N; 0°–20°N; 0°–20°S; 20°–55°S; > 55°S) the average values of the main aerosol characteristics are calculated, i.e., atmospheric AOD, fine and coarse AOD components, particle number concentrations, and mass concentrations of aerosol, black carbon, and water-soluble ions (Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, K⁺, Ca²⁺, NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-), as well as of gas admixtures (SO₂, HCl, HNO₃, NH₃).
It is shown that the zonal variability range of optical and microphysical aerosol characteristics is about an order of magnitude: the largest (minimal) average values are observed in the tropical zone (Southern Ocean). The zonal differences (a factor of 1.3 to 4.3) in concentrations of ions and gas admixtures are much smaller and comparable to synoptic variations. The concentrations of “marine” ions are maximal over the Southern Atlantic, and of “continental” ions, in the Northern hemisphere, in tropical and subtropical zones; the concentrations of all ions are minimal over the Southern Ocean. The specific features of geographic distribution of gas admixtures are noted: the maximal concentrations of HCl and NH₃ are observed over the Southern Atlantic, of SO₂ and HNO₃, near Europe, and the lowest level is observed in the tropical zone.

Keywords:

aerosol optical depth, concentrations of aerosol, black carbon, ions, and gas admixtures, spatial distribution, Eastern Atlantic, Southern Ocean

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