The relevance of studying the dynamics of ozone concentration is due to the fact that at high concentrations it is a potent poison and a powerful oxidizer that extremely negatively impacts both biological objects and the environment. Based on the monitoring data, the paper examines the distribution of tropospheric ozone in Russia in 2023 in the surface air layer, as well as its vertical distribution based on the results of aircraft sounding. It is shown that the maximum allowable daily average concentrations established by the domestic hygienic standard, maximum single, daily average, and annual average, were exceeded at all measurement points. The current situation necessitates widespread public awareness of the results of monitoring and the development of environmental measures to reduce the concentration of ozone and its precursors in the surface air layer.
atmosphere, air, concentration, ozone, maximum permissible concentration, surface layer, troposphere
1. Lunin V.V., Popovich M.P., Tkachenko S.N. Fizicheskaya khimiya ozona. M.: MGU, 1998. 480 p.
2. Razumovskii S.V., Zaikov G.E. Ozon i ego reaktsii s organicheskimi soedineniyami (kinetika i mekhanika). M.: Nauka, 1974. 322 p.
3. Vrednye khimicheskie veshchestva. Neorganicheskie soedineniya V–VIII grupp / pod red. V.A. Filova. L.: Himiya, 1989. 592 p.
4. Lelieveld J., Evans J.S., Fnais M., Giannadaki D., Pozzer A. The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale // Nature. V. 525, N 7569. P. 367–371. DOI: 10.1038/nature15371.
5. Air pollution takes a big bite out of Asia’s grain crops // Nature. 2022. V. 601, N 7894. P. 487. DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-00117-3.
6. Rowlinson M.J., Rap A., Hamilton D.S., Pope R.J., Hantson S., Arnold S.R., Kaplan J.O., Arneth A., Chipperfield M.P., Forster P.M., Nieradzik L. Tropospheric ozone radiative forcing uncertainty due to pre-industrial fire and biogenic emissions // Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2020. V. 20, N 18. P. 10937–10951. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-10937-2020.
7. Leung F., Sitch S., Tai A.P.K., Wiltshire A.J., Gornall J.L., Folberth G.A., Unger N. CO2 fertilization of crops offsets yield losses due to future surface ozone damage and climate change // Environ. Res. Lett. 2022. V. 17, N 7. P. 074007.
8. Belan B.D. Ozon v troposfere. Tomsk: Izd-vo IOA SO RAN, 2010. 488 p.
9. Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe. Europe: European Parliament, 2008. 27 р.
10. Soulie A., Granier C., Darras S., Zilbermann N., Doumbia T., Guevara M., Jalkanen J.-P., Keita S., Liousse C., Crippa M., Guizzardi D., Hoesly R., Smith S. Global anthropogenic emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT) for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service simulations of air quality forecasts and reanalyses // Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. 2023. P. 1–45. DOI: 10.5194/essd-2023-306.
11. Andreev V.V., Bazhenov O.E., Belan B.D., Vargin P.N., Gruzdev A.N., Elanskii N.F., Zhamsueva G.S., Zayakhanov A.S., Kotel'nikov S.N., Kuznetsova I.N., Kulikov M.Yu., Nevzorov A.V., Obolkin V.A., Postylyakov O.V., Rozanov E.V., Skorokhod A.I., Solomatnikova A.A., Stepanov E.V., Feigin A.M., Khodzher T.V. Rossiiskie issledovaniya atmosfernogo ozona i ego predshestvennikov v 2019–2022 years // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2023. V. 59, N 7. P. 1034–1060. DOI: 10.31857/S0002351523070027
12. Ezhegodnik sostoyaniya zagryazneniya atmosfery v gorodakh na territorii Rossii za 2022 year. M.: FGBU «GGO», 2023. 255 p.
13. Arshinov M.Yu., Belan B.D., Davydov D.K., Elansky N.F., Zhamsueva G.S., Zayakhanov A.S., Ivlev G.A., Kozlov A.V., Kotel’nikov S.N., Kuznetsova I.N., Lapchenko V.A., Lezina E.A., Postylyakov O.V., Savkin D.E., Senik I.A., Stepanov E.V., Tolmachev G.N., Fofonov A.V., Chelibanovi I.V., Chelibanov V.P., Shirotov V.V. Prizemnaya kontsentratsiya ozona na territorii Rossii v pervom polugodii 2020 year // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2020. V. 33, N 9. P. 710–721. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20200908; Andreev V.V., Arshinov M.Yu., Belan B.D., Davydov D.K., Elansky N.F., Zhamsueva G.S., Zayakhanov A.S., Ivlev G.A., Kozlov A.V., Kotel’nikov S.N., Kuznetsova I.N., Lapchenko V.A., Lezina E.A., Postylyakov O.V., Savkin D.E., Senik I.A., Stepanov E.V., Tolmachev G.N., Fofonov A.V., Chelibanovi I.V., Chelibanov V.P., Shirotov V.V. Surface ozone concentration over Russian territory in the first half of 2020 // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2020. V. 33, N 6. P. 671–681.
14. Andreev V.V., Arshinov M.Yu., Belan B.D., Davydov D.K., Elansky N.F., Zhamsueva G.S., Zayakhanov A.S., Ivlev G.A., Kozlov A.V., Kotel’nikov S.N., Kuznetsova I.N., Lapchenko V.A., Lezina E.A., Postylyakov O.V., Savkin D.E., Senik I.A., Stepanov E.V., Tolmachev G.N., Fofonov A.V., Chelibanovi I.V., Chelibanov V.P., Shirotov V.V., Shukurov K.A. Prizemnaya kontsentratsiya ozona na territorii Rossii vo vtorom polugodii 2020 year // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2021. V. 34, N 4. P. 292–301. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20210407; Andreev V.V., Arshinov M.Yu., Belan B.D., Davydov D.K., Elansky N.F., Zhamsueva G.S., Zayakhanov A.S., Ivlev G.A., Kozlov A.V., Kotel’nikov S.N., Kuznetsova I.N., Lapchenko V.A., Lezina E.A., Postylyakov O.V., Savkin D.E., Senik I.A., Stepanov E.V., Tolmachev G.N., Fofonov A.V., Chelibanovi I.V., Chelibanov V.P., Shirotov V.V., Shukurov K.A. Surface ozone concentration in Russia in the second half of 2020 // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2021. V. 34, N 4. P. 347–356.
15. Andreev V.V., Arshinov M.Yu., Belan B.D., Belan S.B., Davydov D.K., Deminc V.I., Dudorova N.V., Elansky N.F., Zhamsueva G.S., Zayakhanov A.S., Ivlev G.A., Kozlov A.V., Konovaltseva L.V., Kotel’nikov S.N., Kuznetsova I.N., Lapchenko V.A., Lezina E.A., Obolkin V.A., Postylyakov O.V., Potemkin V.L., Savkin D.E., Senik I.A., Stepanov E.V., Tolmachev G.N., Fofonov A.V., Khodzher T.V., Chelibanov I.V., Chelibanov V.P., Shirotov V.V., Shukurov K.A. Kontsentratsiya ozona na territorii Rossii v 2021 year // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2022. V. 35, N 7. P. 559–571. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20220706; Andreev V.V., Arshinov M.Yu., Belan B.D., Belan S.B., Davydov D.K., Deminc V.I., Dudorova N.V., Elansky N.F., Zhamsueva G.S., Zayakhanov A.S., Ivlev G.A., Kozlov A.V., Konovaltseva L.V., Kotel’nikov S.N., Kuznetsova I.N., Lapchenko V.A., Lezina E.A., Obolkin V.A., Postylyakov O.V., Potemkin V.L., Savkin D.E., Senik I.A., Stepanov E.V., Tolmachev G.N., Fofonov A.V., Khodzher T.V., Chelibanov I.V., Chelibanov V.P., Shirotov V.V., Shukurov K.A. Tropospheric ozone concentration on the territory of Russia in 2021 // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2022. V. 35, N 6. P. 741–757.
16. Andreev V.V., Arshinov M.Yu., Belan B.D., Belan S.B., Davydov D.K., Demin V.I., Dudorova N.V., Elansky N.F., Zhamsueva G.S., Zayakhanov A.S., Ivanov R.V., Ivlev G.A., Kozlov A.V., Konovaltseva L.V., Korenskiy M.Yu., Kotel’nikov S.N., Kuznetsova I.N., Lapchenko V.A., Lezina E.A., Obolkin V.A., Postylyakov O.V., Potemkin V.L., Savkin D.E., Semutnikova E.G., Senik I.A., Stepanov E.V., Tolmachev G.N., Fofonov A.V., Khodzher T.V., Chelibanov I.V., Chelibanov V.P., Shirotov V.V., Shukurov K.A. Kontsentratsiya troposfernogo ozona na territorii Rossii v 2022 year // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2023. V. 36, N 8. P. 642–655. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20230804; Andreev V.V., Arshinov M.Yu., Belan B.D., Belan S.B., Davydov D.K., Demin V.I., Dudorova N.V., Elansky N.F., Zhamsueva G.S., Zayakhanov A.S., Ivanov R.V., Ivlev G.A., Kozlov A.V., Konovaltseva L.V., Korenskiy M.Yu., Kotel’nikov S.N., Kuznetsova I.N., Lapchenko V.A., Lezina E.A., Obolkin V.A., Postylyakov O.V., Potemkin V.L., Savkin D.E., Semutnikova E.G., Senik I.A., Stepanov E.V., Tolmachev G.N., Fofonov A.V., Khodzher T.V., Chelibanov I.V., Chelibanov V.P., Shirotov V.V., Shukurov K.A. Tropospheric ozone concentration in Russia in 2022 // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2023, V. 36, N 6. P. 741–757.
17. SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 «Gigienicheskie normativy i trebovaniya k obespecheniyu bezopasnosti i (ili) bezvrednosti dlya cheloveka faktorov sredy obitaniya». Utverzhden postanovleniem N 2 glavnogo gosudarstvennogo sanitarnogo vracha Rossiiskoi Federatsii 28.01.2021. 1142 p.
18. WHO global air quality guidelines. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. World Heath Organization, 2021. 275 p.
19. Senik I.A., Elanskii N.F., Belikov I.B., Lisitsyna L.V., Galaktionov V.V., Kortunova Z.V. Osnovnye zakonomernosti vremennoi izmenchivosti prizemnogo ozona na vysotakh 870 i 2070 m v raione g. Kislovodska // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2005. V. 41, N 1. P. 78–91.
20. Shakina N.P., Ivanova A.R., Elansky N.F., Markova T.A. Transcontinental observations of surface ozone concentration in the TROICA experiments: 2. The effect of the stratosphere – troposphere exchange // Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 2001. V. 37, N 1. P. S39–S48.
21. Elanskii N.F. O mekhanizme vozdeistviya struinogo techeniya na ozonnyi sloi // Izv. AN SSSR. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 1975. V. 11, N 9. P. 916–925.
22. Mosekomonitoring. https://mosecom.mos.ru/vozdux/
23. Belan B.D. Perevod avtotransporta na gaz – vozmozhny problemy // Vestn. RAN. 2015. V. 85, N 3. P. 233–239.
24. Belan B.D., Ancellet G., Andreeva I.S., Antokhin P.N., Arshinova V.G., Arshinov M.Y., Balin Y.S., Barsuk V.E., Belan S.B., Chernov D.G., Davydov D.K., Fofonov A.V., Ivlev G.A., Kotel’nikov S.N., Kozlov A.S., Kozlov A.V., Law K., Mikhal’chishin A.V., Moseikin I.A., Nasonov S.V., Nédélec P., Okhlopkova O.V., Ol’kin S.E., Panchenko M.V., Paris J.-D., Penner I.E., Ptashnik I.V., Rasskazchikova T.M., Reznikova I.K., Romanovskii O.A., Safatov A.S., Savkin D.E., Simonenkov D.V., Sklyadneva T.K., Tolmachev G.N., Yakovlev S.V., Zenkova P.N. Integrated airborne investigation of the air composition over the Russian sector of the Arctic // Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2022. V. 15, N 13. P. 3941–3967. DOI: 10.5194/amt-20210437.
25. Gigienicheskii normativ GN 2.1.6.3492-17 «Predel'no dopustimye kontsentratsii (PDK) zagryaznyayushchikh veshchestv v atmosfernom vozdukhe gorodskikh i sel'skikh poselenii». Postanovlenie glavnogo gosudarstvennogo sanitarnogo vracha Rossiiskoi Federatsii N 165 ot 22 December 2017 year (s izmeneniyami na 31 May 2018 year).