Vol. 39, issue 05, article # 4

Abstract:

A specific feature of surface layer electricity research is the requirement for synchronized measurements and subsequent data interpretation to accurately distinguish and evaluate the impact of local disturbances and global electric field variations on observed electrical characteristics. To address the challenge of interpreting atmospheric electricity measurements, a mathematical model is required to establish a definitive link between global and local disturbances and the measured values. This paper presents a potential implementation of such a model in the form of a total current equation describing the daily dynamics of the electric field intensity in the surface air layer. The spatiotemporal structure of the turbulent surface air layer, which is formed under the influence of a global unitary variation in the ionospheric potential and a local turbulent generator with independent daily dynamics, has been studied. The work generalizes studies of daily variations in the electric field strength of the surface layer for the cases of constant total current at the upper boundary of the surface layer. The profiles of electric field strength, conduction current density, and turbulent current density at different times during the day were calculated. Their dependence on the degree of turbulent mixing in the surface air layer has been established. The calculation results can be useful in analyzing data from ground-based atmospheric-electric observations.

Keywords:

surface electrode layer, atmosphere, turbulent diffusion, lightning generator, electric field

Figures:

References:

1. Mauchly S.J. Studies in atmosphere electricity based on observations made on the Carnegie (1915–1921) // Res. Depart. Terr. Magn. 1926. N 175. P. 385–424.
2. Willet J.C. An analysis of the electrode effect in the limit of strong turbulent mixing // J. Geophys. Res. 1978. V. 83. P. 402–408.
3. Morozov V.N. Atmosfernoe elektrichestvo // Atmosfera. Spravochnik (spravochnye dannye, modeli). L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1991. P. 394–408.
4. Morozov V.N. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie atmosferno-elektricheskikh protsessov s uchetom vliyaniya aerozol'nykh chastits i radioaktivnykh veshchestv. SPb.: RGGMU, 2011. 253 p.
5. Morozov V.N., Kupovykh G.V. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie global'noi atmosfernoi elektricheskoi tsepi i elektrichestva prizemnogo sloya. SPb.: Asterion, 2017. 307 p.
6. Morozov V.N. Vliyanie generatorov elektricheskogo polya, deistvuyushchikh v verkhnikh sloyakh atmosfery na elektrichestvo prizemnogo sloya // Tr. Glavnoi geofizicheskoi observatorii im. A.I. Voeikova. 2022. N 605. P. 58–91.
7. Morozov V.N. Raspredelenie elektricheskogo polya, sozdavaemogo ionosfernym generatorom, v nijnikh sloyakh atmosfery // Tr. Glavnoi geofizicheskoi observatorii im. A.I. Voeikova. 2012. N 565. P. 205–215.
8. Morozov V.N. Proniknovenie ionosfernykh nestatsionarnykh elektricheskikh polei v nijnie sloi atmosfery // Tr. Glavnoi geofizicheskoi observatorii im. A.I. Voeikova. 2014. N 571. P. 162–171.
9. Kalinin A.V., Slyunyaev N.N., Mareev E.A., Zhidkov A.A. Statsionarnye i nestatsionarnye modeli global'noi elektricheskoi tsepi: korrektnost', analiticheskie sootnosheniya, chislennaya realizatsiya // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2014. V. 50, N 3. P. 355–364.
10. Mareev E.A., Volodin E.M. Variation of the global electric circuit and ionospheric potential in a general circulation model // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2014. V. 41, N 24. P. 9009–9016. DOI: 10.1002/2014GL062352.
11. Shatalina M.V., Mareev E.A., Klimenko V.V., Kuterin F.A., Nikoll K.A. Eksperimental'noe issledovanie sutochnykh i sezonnykh variatsii atmosfernogo elektricheskogo polya // Izv. vuzov. Radiofiz. 2019. V. 62, N 3. P. 205–210.
12. Nagorskii P.M., Pustovalov K.N., Smirnov S.V. Sutochnye i sezonnye variatsii nevozmushchennogo elektricheskogo polya i ikh svyaz' s izmenchivost'yu geofizicheskikh velichin na yuge Zapadnoi Sibiri // Tr. Voenno-kosmicheskoi akademii im. A.F. Mozhaiskogo. 2022. N S685. P. 213–222.
13. Oglezneva M.V., Pustovalov K.N., Nagorskii P.M., Sat A.A., Smirnov S.V. Vliyanie konvektivnykh protsessov na izmenchivost' soderzhaniya ionov po dannym eksperimental'nykh nablyudenii // Materialy IX Vseros. nauchnoi konferentsii po atmosfernomu elektrichestvu. SPb., 2023. P. 121–125.
14. Pustovalov K., Nagorskiy P., Oglezneva M., Sat A., Smirnov S. The electric state of the surface atmosphere in the mountain–steppe landscapes of southern Siberia according to the measurement data in the Khakass–Tyva expedition in 2022 // Atmosphere. 2024. V. 15, N 1. P. 27. DOI: 10.3390/atmos15010027.
15. Monin A.S., Yaglom A.M. Statisticheskaya gidromekhanika. L.: Nauka, 1965. V. 1. 639 p.
16. Zilitinkevich S.S. Dinamika pogranichnogo sloya atmosfery. L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1970. 290 p.
17. Orlenko L.R. Stroenie planetarnogo pogranichnogo sloya atmosfery. L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1979. 270 p.
18. Harrison R.G. The Carnegie curve // Surv. Geophys. 2013. V. 34, N 2. P. 209–232.
19. Timoshenko D.V., Kupovykh G.V., Belousova O.V. Analiz elektrodinamicheskoi modeli prizemnogo sloya atmosfery // Izv. vuzov. Severo-Kavkazskii region. Estestvennye nauki. 2024. N 4. P. 149–157.
20. Adzhiev A.Kh., Klovo A.G., Kudrinskaya T.V., Kupovykh G.V., Timoshenko D.V. Sutochnye variatsii elektricheskogo polya v prizemnom sloe atmosfery // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2021. V. 57, N 4. P. 452–461.
21. Klovo A.G., Kupovykh G.V., Svidel'skii S.S., Timoshenko D.V. Modelirovanie global'nykh variatsii elektricheskogo polya v prizemnoi atmosfere // Trudy Voenno-kosmicheskoi akademii im A.F. Mozhaiskogo. 2018. Iss. 662. «Problemy voenno-prikladnoi geofiziki i kontrolya sostoyaniya prirodnoi sredy». P. 37–41.
22. Kupovykh G., Klovo A., Timoshenko D. The atmospheric electric field variations in the surface layer // 2019 Russian Open Conference on Radio Wave Propagation (RWP). IEEE, 2019. P. 580–583.
23. Timoshenko D.V., Kupovykh G.V., Kudrinskaya T.V. Sutochnaya dinamika napryazhennosti elektricheskogo polya v turbulentnom prizemnom sloe pod deistviem lokal'nykh faktorov // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2024. V. 37, N 11. P. 970–975. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20241110; Timoshenko D.V., Kupovykh G.V., Kudrinskaya T.V. Daily dynamics of the electric field in the turbulent surface air layer under the action of local factors // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2025. V. 38, N 1. P. 77–82.
24. Nosov V.V., Lukin V.P., Kovadlo P.G., Nosov E.V., Torgaev A.V. Dokazatel'stvo gipotezy KHopfa o strukture turbulentnosti (pamyati Tatarskogo) // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2023. V. 36, N 1. P. 12–18. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20230102; Nosov V.V., Lukin V.P., Kovadlo P.G., Nosov E.V., Torgaev A.V. Proof of Hopf’s conjecture on the structure of turbulence (in memory of Tatarsky) // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2023. V. 36, N 4. P. 300–305.
25. Agafontsev M.V., Gerasimova L.O., Reino V.V., Shesternin A.N. Issledovanie konvektivnoi turbulentnosti nad nagretoi poverkhnost'yu metodom skorostnoi termografii // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2023. V. 36, N 7. P. 584–590. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20230707; Agafontsev M.V., Gerasimova L.O., Reino V.V., Shesternin A.N. High-speed thermographic study of convective turbulence characteristics over a heated surface // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2023. V. 36, N 6. P. 798–804.
26. Gorchakov G.I., Karpov A.V., Gushchin R.A., Datsenko O.I. Elektricheskie protsessy v vetropeschanom potoke na opustynennykh territoriyakh // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2024. V. 37, N 6. P. 461–467. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20240603; Gorchakov G.I., Karpov A.V., Gushchin R.A., Datsenko O.I. Electrical processes in a wind-sand flux on desertified areas // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2024. V. 37, N 5. P. 630–636.
27. Kupovykh G.V., Timoshenko D.V. Otsenka moshchnosti global'nykh i lokal'nykh tokovykh generatorov po elektrodinamicheskim parametram prizemnogo sloya // Trudy Glavnoi geofizicheskoi observatorii im. A.I. Voeikova. 2024. N 612. P. 125–136.
28. Tikhonov A.N., Samarskii A.A. Uravneniya matematicheskoi fiziki. 6-e izd. M.: Nauka, 1999. 736 p.
29. Kalinin A.V., Grigor'ev E.E., Zhidkov A.A., Terent'ev A.M. Klassifikatsiya i svoistva reshenii sistemy uravnenii teorii klassicheskogo elektrodnogo effekta // Izv. vuzov. Radiofiz. 2013. V. 56, N 11–12. P. 829–852.
30. Pulinets S., Davidenko D. Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes and global electric circuit // Adv. Sp. Res. 2014. V. 53, N 5. P. 709–723. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2013.12.035.
31. Kurant A., Gil'bert D. Metody matematicheskoi fiziki. M.: Izd-vo inostrannoi literatury, 1952. 476 p.