Experimental data on the formation of the optical discharge plasma by a neodium laser at 1,06mm with a pulse duration of 10-3 s and an energy flux density of і 5Ч105 W/cm2 are presented. The lower energy bound required for the optical discharge in aerosol to be initiated was found. A plasma temperature of 1 eV was obtained by the spectral ratio technique. An electron density of 1,0Ч1017 cm-3 was determined from Stark-broadened spectral line data. The processes involved in the discharge plasma were examined to show the dependence of its composition on the aerosol number density.