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Vol. 12, issue 04, article # 1

pdf Veber V. L., Dolin L. S. On the contrast of images of small-size objects observed through a scattering medium with a viewing system On the contrast of images of small-size objects observed through a scattering medium with a viewing system with an active illumination. // Atmospheric and oceanic optics. 1999. V. 12. No. 04. P. 285-290.
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Abstract:

We have obtained relationships for calculating contrast of an underwater object observed through calm sea surface with a continuous and pulse illumination. The noise due to backscatter from the medium below the object is calculated with the allowance for screening effect of the object. Image contrast is studied as a function of the object’s characteristics and parameters of the observation system. At low reflectivity of the object the contrast is not a monotonic function of the object’s depth.