A method for retrieving troposphere aerosol coefficients of extinction εα and backscattering βα,π from signals of elastic scattering at λ0 = 355, 532, and 1060 nm, as well as Raman scattering by the atmospheric nitrogen (λR = 387, 607 nm) is proposed. The method does not require differentiation of the nitrogen atmospheric density logarithm and eliminates the uncertainty in the choice of the spectral function εα(λ) through measuring aerosol light-scattering coefficients βα,θ at an angle of 33° and wavelengths λ0. The choice of angle of 33° is based on the analysis of multiple regressions between spectral values of εα and βα,θ, for the ground atmospheric aerosol. Examples of retrieval of βα,π and εα vertical profiles are presented; the effect of measurement errors and atmosphere temperature fluctuations on the accuracy in βα,π and εα determination is estimated.