Vol. 1, issue 06, article # 18

Balandin S. F., Zinkin I. A., Kopytin A. Yu., Lasarev S. V., Novikov O. G., Mamyrgaziev S. T. Laser Sounding of Capillary Wave Spectra on the Sea Surface. // Atmospheric and oceanic optics. 1988. V. 1. No. 06. P. 121-124.
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Abstract:

A coherent lidar with a semiconductor laser and a gas (CO2) laser was developed and used for detecting capillary waves on the sea surface. The design features and field test results are discussed. Light scattering histograms by surf are presented. The experiments show the feasibility of monitoring wave oscillations whose amplitudes are by an order of magnitude smaller than the probe laser wavelength.